High-fidelity DNA minivector: In vivo E.coli-based production process incorporates intracellular DNA mismatch repair, leading to higher-fidelity msDNA. This ensures the production of various gene therapy products with superior quality and consistency.

Linear, minimal, backbone-free DNA minivector: msDNA's linear and minimal structure is free from unnecessary sequences. 

Non-immunogenic DNA minivector: The absence of prokaryotic sequences carrying pathogen-associated molecular patterns and minimal cytokine-stimulating profile makes msDNA non-immunogenic.